The preface is to implement the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes", regulate the application behavior, engineering construction, and facility operation and management of medical waste microwave disinfection treatment technology, and prevent medical waste microwave disinfection treatment from affecting the environment To protect the environment and protect human health, this standard is formulated.

　　This standard was proposed by the Science and Technology Standards Department of the State Environmental Protection Administration.

　　This standard was drafted: Shenyang Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, National Environmental Protection Hazardous Waste Disposal Engineering Technology Center.

　　This standard was approved by the State Environmental Protection Administration on February 2006.

　　This standard will be implemented on March 15, 2006.

　　This standard is interpreted by the State Environmental Protection Administration. This standard is issued for the first time.

　　Medical waste microwave disinfection centralized treatment engineering technical specifications

　　1 General

　　1.1 In order to implement the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste", the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases", the "Regulations on the Management of Medical Waste" and other countries' regulations in the field of medical waste, strengthen the safe management of medical waste and prevent diseases Disseminate, protect human health, achieve the goal of harmlessness and reduction of medical waste, standardize the practical application of medical waste microwave disinfection treatment technology, and guide the planning, design, construction, acceptance and operation management of medical waste microwave disinfection treatment projects, Develop this standard.

　　1.2 This standard applies to new construction, reconstruction and expansion projects where microwave disinfection treatment technology concentrates on the treatment of medical waste, as well as the operation and management of microwave disinfection treatment plants after construction.

　　1.3 Application scope of microwave disinfection technology

　　1.3.1 The microwave disinfection technology of medical waste is suitable for the treatment of infectious waste, traumatic waste, and pathological waste in the "Medical Waste Classification Catalogue" (except for human organs and infectious animal carcasses).

　　1.3.2 The microwave disinfection technology of medical waste is not suitable for the treatment of pharmaceutical waste and chemical waste in the "Catalogue of Medical Waste Classification".

　　1.3.3 The medical waste that cannot be treated by microwave disinfection treatment technology must be managed and disposed of by other methods. It is forbidden to mix non-disinfected medical waste into domestic garbage or other waste for landfill.

　　1.4 The determination of the scale of the medical waste microwave disinfection treatment project and the selection of the detailed technical route should be based on the amount and composition characteristics of the medical waste in the service area, the level of social and economic development, the national hazardous waste and medical waste treatment facility construction plan and the overall urban planning, The characteristics of the medical waste collection and transportation system and the applicability of the technology are reasonably determined.

　　1.5 The construction of a microwave disinfection treatment project for medical waste should be combined with short-term and long-term planning, with a focus on the short-term. The construction scale, layout and site selection shall be determined after comprehensive comparison and selection through technical and economic demonstration, environmental impact assessment and environmental risk assessment.

　　1.6 The construction of the microwave disinfection treatment project for medical waste shall adopt mature and reliable technology, technology and equipment to achieve stable operation, convenient maintenance, reasonable economy, scientific management, environmental protection, safety and health.

　　1.7 The construction of medical waste microwave disinfection treatment projects should adhere to the principles of professional collaboration and social services, reasonably determine supporting projects, improve operation management levels, and reduce operating costs.

　　1.8 In addition to complying with this standard, the construction of medical waste microwave disinfection treatment projects should also comply with the current national mandatory standards.

　　1.9 The medical waste microwave disinfection treatment plant must be operated by the environmental protection administrative department of the municipal people's government at the districted level of the facility where the facility is located.

　　2 Normative references The clauses in the following documents have become clauses of this standard after being quoted in this standard.

　　For undated references, the latest version is applicable to this standard.

　　GB 5085 identification standard for hazardous waste

　　GB 8978 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard

　　GB 14554 Odor Pollutant Emission Standard

　　GB 15981-1995 Evaluation methods and standards for disinfection and disinfection effect

　　GB 18466 Water Pollutant Discharge Standard for Medical Institutions

　　GB 18597 Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Storage

　　GB 18598 Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Landfill

　　GB19217-2003 Technical requirements for medical waste transfer vehicles (trial)

　　National Hazardous Waste List (Huanfa [1998] No. 089)

　　Hazardous Waste Transfer Form Management Measures (State Environmental Protection Administration Order No. 5)

　　Disinfection Management Measures (Order No. 27 of the Ministry of Health)

　　Medical waste special packaging and container standards and warning label regulations (Huanfa [2003] No.188)

　　Technical Specifications for Centralized Disposal of Medical Waste (Trial) (Huanfa [2003] No. 206)

　　National Hazardous Waste and Medical Waste Treatment Facilities Construction Plan (Huanfa [2004] No. 16)

　　Medical waste classification catalogue (issued by the Ministry of Health and the National Environmental Protection Agency 2003 No. 287)

　　Medical Waste Management Measures for Medical and Health Institutions (Order No. 36 of the Ministry of Health)

　　Disinfection Technical Specification (Ministry of Health 2004 Edition)

　　3 Term

　　3.1 Medical waste Medical waste refers to wastes with direct or indirect infectiousness, toxicity and other hazards generated by various medical and health institutions in medical treatment, prevention, health care, teaching, scientific research and other related activities. The domestic garbage produced by infectious patients and suspected patients admitted to medical and health institutions is also managed and treated as medical waste. The specific classification list shall be implemented in accordance with the "National Directory of Hazardous Wastes" and the "Medical Waste Classification List" jointly formulated by the health administrative department of the State Council and the environmental protection administrative department.

　　3.2 Packaging bag package refers to the primary packaging used to contain medical wastes other than traumatic waste, and meets certain requirements for impermeability and tear strength.

　　3.3 Turnover box (barrel) tank refers to a special rigid container for medical waste in a sealed package. It is used for medical waste transportation vehicles to transport medical waste, so that the packaged medical waste does not directly contact the vehicle body or directly exposed to the external environment, or play a role in preventing waste from polluting the vehicle compartment and the external environment when the packaging bag is damaged.

　　3.4 Sharps container refers to a special hard sealed container that has the strength, color, mark, and size that meet the specified requirements, and meets the requirements of sharps in medical waste.

　　3.5 Temporary storage Temporary store refers to the process by which the medical waste treatment unit stores the delivered medical waste in a special place or facility that meets specific requirements within the unit.

　　3.6 Treatment Treatment refers to the process of eliminating the potential infectious hazards of medical waste by changing the biological characteristics and composition of medical waste, including various methods, technologies and processes.

　　3.7 Dispose refers to the process of safe, harmless and reduction treatment of treated medical waste in accordance with prescribed technical measures and requirements.

　　3.8 Disinfection Disinfection refers to the use of physical or chemical methods to kill or remove pathogenic microorganisms on the media to achieve the goal of harmlessness.

　　3.9 Microwave disinfection Microwave disinfection refers to the use of microwaves to kill pathogenic microorganisms to achieve the purpose of harmless treatment.

　　3.10 The efficiency of disinfection refers to the decrease in the number of bacteria expressed as a percentage during the disinfection process.

　　3.11 Disinfection temperature disinfection temperature refers to the stable temperature required by the disinfection room to achieve the purpose of disinfection.

　　3.12 The logarithmic value of killing treatment efficiency refers to the logarithm of the number of microorganisms reduced before and after disinfection when the number of microorganisms is expressed in logarithm.

　　3.13 Disinfecting time refers to the time that medical waste and its contaminated items stay at the stable temperature required for disinfection.

　　3.14 Sample testing refers to a random sampling test of one or several technical samples according to a special design, the purpose is to prove that the samples meet the requirements of the corresponding standards.

　　3.15 residual liquor refers to the disinfection condensate formed during the disinfection process and the liquid oozing out of medical waste.

　　3.16 Biological indicator Biological indicator refers to a product that is used to evaluate the disinfection effect by staining an appropriate carrier with a certain amount of specific microorganisms.

　　3.17 normal conditions of use normal condition refers to the conditions of use specified in the product manual according to the manufacturer's requirements for equipment operation.

　　3.18 Standard state standard state refers to the gas state when the temperature is 0℃ and the pressure is 101.325kPa.

　　4 Calculation of medical waste generation

　　4.1. The amount of medical waste generated should be calculated and verified based on actual weight.

　　4.2 Calculation and prediction of the amount of medical waste generated

　　(1) The total amount of medical waste generated by medical institutions includes the amount of medical waste generated from fixed beds and the amount of outpatient medical waste generated.

　　① The calculation and prediction of the amount of medical waste generated by hospital beds can be calculated as follows: The amount of medical waste generated by hospital beds (kg/day) = bed medical waste generation rate (kg/bed·day) × number of beds (bed) × bed utilization rate (%)

　　② The calculation and prediction of outpatient medical waste generation can be calculated as follows: Outpatient medical waste generation (kg/day) = outpatient medical waste generation rate (kg/person-time·day) × outpatient number (person·time)

　　③ The medical waste of small outpatient clinics without beds can be calculated and predicted according to the number of employed medical staff and the medical waste generation rate of unit medical staff: Outpatient medical waste generation (kg/month) = medical waste generation rate of unit medical staff (kg/person-time) ×Number of medical staff (person-time/month)

　　(2) The amount of medical waste generated from other sources is reasonably estimated based on local conditions.

　　5 Overall design of microwave disinfection treatment plant for medical waste

　　5.1 Construction scale

　　5.1.1 The construction scale of the microwave disinfection treatment plant should be determined by comprehensive consideration of factors such as the amount of medical waste suitable for microwave treatment in the service area, composition characteristics and change trends. The construction scale should be less than 10 tons/day, and the treatment capacity should be considered. Redundancy.

　　5.1.2 The construction scale of the microwave disinfection treatment plant shall be as large as possible to receive and properly treat medical waste suitable for microwave treatment in the service area throughout the year.

　　5.2 Project composition

　　5.2.1 The construction project of the microwave disinfection treatment plant is composed of the main engineering and equipment of the microwave disinfection treatment plant, supporting engineering, production management and living service facilities.

　　5.2.2 The main engineering and equipment of the microwave disinfection treatment plant mainly include:

　　(1) Material receiving and feeding system: including medical waste receiving metering, unloading, temporary storage, transportation and other facilities.

　　(2) Microwave disinfection treatment system: including medical waste microwave feeding unit, crushing unit, microwave disinfection treatment unit, discharging unit, automation control unit, waste gas treatment unit and wastewater treatment unit, etc.

　　5.2.3 Supporting projects mainly include: general plan transportation, roads outside the factory, power supply and distribution, water supply and drainage, fire fighting, communications, heating, HVAC, mechanical maintenance, monitoring and testing, measurement, instrument cleaning, disinfection, etc., as well as field External supporting facilities, such as off-site roads, water, electricity, etc. 5.2.4 Production management and life service facilities mainly include: office rooms, canteens, bathrooms, duty dormitories and other facilities.

　　5.3 Site selection

　　5.3.1 The site selection should comply with the "National Hazardous Waste and Medical Waste Disposal Facilities Construction Plan" and the overall urban and rural

　　The development plan meets the local air pollution prevention and control, water pollution prevention and control, water resources protection, natural environmental protection and other requirements, and shall pass the environmental impact assessment and environmental risk assessment.

　　5.3.2 Microwave disinfection treatment plants should not be constructed near residential areas, schools, hospitals and other public facilities, water source protection areas, etc. Corresponding protection distances should be set. The protection distances should be determined according to the site conditions, treatment technology, etc., and the environment The results of impact assessment and environmental risk assessment shall be determined based on expert opinions.

　　5.3.3 The site selection should also meet the following conditions:

　　(1) The plant site should meet the engineering geological, hydrogeological and meteorological conditions of the project construction, and should not be selected in seismic faults, landslides, mudslides, swamps, quicksand, and mining hidden areas. It is not suitable to choose residential areas, schools, hospitals and other public welfare facilities, and ecological environment protection areas and other areas with the dominant wind direction.

　　(2) The site selection should comprehensively consider factors such as traffic, transportation distance, land use status, and infrastructure status, and a public survey should be conducted.

　　(3) The plant site should not be threatened by floods, tides or waterlogging. When it must be built in the area, it should have reliable flood control and drainage measures, and the plant area should meet the flood control requirements of once in a hundred years.

　　(4) The site selection should also consider the disposal of residues and the distance from the local domestic garbage disposal site.

　　(5) There should be water supply and sewage discharge conditions that meet the requirements of production and life near the plant site.

　　(6) The power supply should be guaranteed near the plant site.

　　5.4 General layout design

　　5.4.1 The general layout design of the microwave disinfection treatment plant shall be based on the natural conditions of the area where the plant is located, combining production, transportation, environmental protection, occupational health and labor safety, workers’ lives, as well as electricity, communications, heat, water supply, drainage, and flood control. , Drainage and other facilities are determined after comprehensive comparison of multiple plans.

　　5.4.2 The design and construction of the microwave disinfection treatment plant should consider measures to prevent soil, groundwater and surface water pollution caused by polluted rainwater in the plant area when an accident occurs; design and build necessary facilities to collect and store medical waste due to spillage and leakage in the plant , Sewage generated during fire extinguishing, or polluted rainwater; the capacity of sewage storage facilities should ensure that the sewage can be treated before discharge.

　　5.4.3 Auxiliary facilities such as auxiliary production facilities and living service facilities of the microwave disinfection treatment plant shall be considered in accordance with the principles of social services to avoid repeated construction.

　　5.4.4 Microwave disinfection treatment plant should be divided into clean area, semi-(micro) pollution area and pollution area. Microwave radiation area should be demarcated. The entrance and exit of people flow and logistics of the factory should be set up separately, and it should be convenient for medical waste transportation vehicles to enter and exit. .

　　5.4.5 Microwave elimination